Ulwazi oludumileyo lwesayensi malunga neskena somnwe

Itekhnoloji, isoftware kunye ne-hardware yeskena somnwe ihlala iphuhlisa rhoqo. Okwangoku, zininzi iintlobo zezinzwa ezisetyenziswa emnyango emarikeni, kwaye iimpawu zazo zahlukile kwaye imisebenzi yazo ikwahlukile. Abanye babahlobo abatshixa batsho ukuba zininzi iintlobo zexesha lokwamkelwa kweminwe kwaye azinakufumanisa umahluko. Ngesi sizathu, uphando lweskena lomnwe ocekeceke u-pro wamema iingcali ezifanelekileyo kwishishini ukuba akwazise ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga nabavelisi bexesha lokubakho kweminwe. Iindidi zeenzwakazi zokuthathela ingqalelo zeminwe okwangoku, ikakhulu ziintlobo ezintathu zeenzwa kwimakethi yexesha lokuyifumana leminwe: i-infrared, i-tof, i-millimear rodar.

1. I-infrared Umgaqo weenzwa ze-infrared kukusebenzisa i-inframidd tormitter ukuya e-Ititred imitha kwii-angles ezithile, kunye nabamkeli ukufumana imiqondiso kwii-engile ezithile. Umgama ovuthayo umiselwa ngokokuhambisa kunye nee-angles. Izinzwa ze-infrared zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye zinenani elikhulu lezicelo ezisezantsi kumayeza, emkhosini, okusingqongileyo kunye namanye amasimi. Ziyinzwa eninzi kakhulu, njengokucingisisa okuqhelekileyo kwefestile. Xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abenzi boluvo, oosoyerced baneendleko eziphantsi kwaye banezibonelelo zolwakhiwo olulula kunye nempendulo ebuthathaka. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, umgama ongumlinganiso we-infrared kunye nokuchaneka kwahlwempuzekile, kwaye kukho iimfuno zombala wento elinganayo. Inobuthathaka kumhlophe kwaye ingakhathalelwanga ukuba ibe mnyama (oko kukuthi, ukukhanya kuncitshiswe ngokulula ngumnyama kwaye kungabi lula ukubanjwa ngumamkeli).

I-2. I-Lidar idar inssors ihlulwe ikakhulu ibe ziindidi ezimbini, i-tof enye ye-tof kunye nokukhanya okucwangcisiweyo. Umgaqo-nkqubo we-TOF kukuba i-laser ye-laser ikhupha i-infrared laser, kwaye umamkeli ubala umahluko wexesha lokuphuma nokwamkelwa, kwaye umgama unokubalwa ngokwesantya sokukhanya. Ukukhanya okucwangcisiweyo kukuba i-laser ye-laser ikhupha indawo yokukhanya, kwaye umgama umiselwe ngokubala ubungakanani bendawo yokukhanya. I-lidar inomlinganiso wokulinganisa ophezulu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, inokufumana ulwazi olunzulu lwento elinganiswa ngokuchaneka okuphezulu. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, i-lidar ixabisa kakhulu kwaye ichaphazeleke ngokulula kwizinto zokusingqongileyo, ezinjengokukhanya kwelanga, imvula, inkungu, njl njl.

I-3. I-Millimeter Wave radimeter ye-millimeter yamaza ibhekisa kwibhendi ye-1 ukuya kwi-10 mm. Umgaqo kukuba udluliso luphawula amaza emiliphetha, kwaye umamkeli ubala umgama ngomphumo we-doppler. Iziphumo ze-doppler zibhekisa kutshintsho kwi-wavelength ye-radiation yento ngenxa yokuhamba komthombo wamaza kunye nombukeli. Phambi komthombo wamaza oshukumayo, i-wave inyanzelekile, i-wavelength yenziwe isifutshane, kwaye i-frequency iphakame; Emva komthombo wamaza oshukumayo, i-wavelength ingqokelela ixhomekeke kwaye i-frequency iba phantsi; Ukuphakama kwesantya somthombo wamaza, umphumo omkhulu. Ngokwamanqanaba obomvu (okanye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) lwamaza, isantya somthombo wamaza ohamba ngendlela yokujonga abalwe.